Yes - Ya
Monday, 19 November 2012
LEARN BAHASA INDONESIA (Part 1 of 2)
What is this? --- Apa ini
This is a book --- Ini buku
This is a pen --- Ini pena
This is a table --- Ini meja
This is a window --- Ini jendela
This is a shirt --- Ini kemeja
This is a cup --- Ini cangkir
This is a bag --- Ini tas
What is that? --- Apa itu
Vocabulary:
Buah - Fruit Burung - Bird Lantai - Floor Gedung - Building
Payung - Umbrella Perabot - Furniture Pulau - Island Sendok - Spoon
Telur - Egg Warung - Small shop Pasar - Market Toko - Shop
Gereja - Church Masjid - Mosque Temple - Candi Lonceng - Bell
Peta - Map Piring - Plate Sudu - Large spoon Dapur - Kitchen
Binatang - Animal Keluraga - Family Tamu - Guest Abang - Elder brother
Bibi - Aunt Ipar - Brother-/Sister in law Kakak - Elder brother / Sister
Kakek - Grand father Bayi - Baby Teman - Friend Cucu - Grand child
Suami - Husband Istri - Wife Bapak /Ayah - Father Ibu - Mother
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This is a book --- Ini buku
This is a pen --- Ini pena
This is a table --- Ini meja
This is a window --- Ini jendela
This is a shirt --- Ini kemeja
This is a cup --- Ini cangkir
This is a bag --- Ini tas
What is that? --- Apa itu
Vocabulary:
Buah - Fruit Burung - Bird Lantai - Floor Gedung - Building
Payung - Umbrella Perabot - Furniture Pulau - Island Sendok - Spoon
Telur - Egg Warung - Small shop Pasar - Market Toko - Shop
Gereja - Church Masjid - Mosque Temple - Candi Lonceng - Bell
Peta - Map Piring - Plate Sudu - Large spoon Dapur - Kitchen
Binatang - Animal Keluraga - Family Tamu - Guest Abang - Elder brother
Bibi - Aunt Ipar - Brother-/Sister in law Kakak - Elder brother / Sister
Kakek - Grand father Bayi - Baby Teman - Friend Cucu - Grand child
Suami - Husband Istri - Wife Bapak /Ayah - Father Ibu - Mother
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| selamat [pagi |siang |sore |malam]. | Good [morning | day | afternoon | evening]. |
| Terima kasih. | Thank-you. |
| Ya. | Yes. (often means no) |
| Tidak. | No. |
| Apa kabar? | How are you? What's new? |
| Baik, dan [Bapak |Ibu]? | Fine, and you? (to man | woman) |
| Saya tidak bisa bahasa Indonesia. | I don't speak Indonesian. (This will be painfully obvious to any Indonesian, but it's a polite way to fill in those awkward moments.) |
| Selamat [jalan |tinggal]. | Good-bye. (to person leaving | to person staying) |
| Kembali. | You're welcome. |
| Silakan[duduk |masuk]. | Please [sit down | come in]. |
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| Ke [kiri |kanan]. | To the [left | right]. |
| [terus |lurus] | straight ahead. |
| [Rumah |Gedung |Jalan] [ini |itu]. | [This | That] [house | building | street]. |
| Ke mana? | Where are you going? (Also a common polite greeting.) |
| Saya mau ke Amerika | I am going to United States |
| Saya tidak tahu. | I don't know. (This will likely be obvious to the driver but may encourage him to find directions elsewhere.) |
| Di [sini |sana]. | [Here | There]. (Not really useful, but it's something to say while you're pointing at the house.) |
| Kiri, kanan? | Left or right? (Drivers often ask this when approaching a street they assured you they grew up on.) |
| [Berhenti! |Stop!] | Stop! (Often necessary) |
| Salah. | Wrong. |
| Saya mau pulang. | I want to go home. |
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| Dari mana? | Where are you from? (For some reason, Indonesians are very good at spotting foreigners.) |
| Saya dari Amerika. | I am from United States. |
| Sudah lama di [Indonesia |sini]? | Have you been [in Indonesia | here] very long? (Again, a polite question, but you are really being asked how long you have been here.) |
| Saya sudah dua [hari | minggu] di [Indonesia |sini]. | I have been [in Indonesia | here] for two [days | weeks] already. |
| Sudah kawin? | Are you already married? (Another polite question, not often a pick-up line.) |
| Sudah punya anak? | Do you have any children? (a popular topic) |
| [Sudah |Belum]. | [Already | Not yet]. |
| Di mana dompetku ? | Where is my wallet ? |
| Berapa umurnya? | How old are you? (Another common, polite question.) |
| Tinggal dimana? | Where do you live? |
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| [nol | kosong] | zero |
| satu | one |
| dua | two |
| tiga | three |
| empat | four |
| lima | five |
| enam | six |
| tujuh | seven |
| delapan | eight |
| sembilan | nine |
| sepuluh | ten |
| sebelas, duabelastigabelas, ... | eleven, twelve, thirteen, ... |
| dua puluh, tiga puluh, ... | twenty, thirty, ... |
| dua puluh lima | twenty five |
| seratus, dua ratus, ... | one hundred, two hundred, ... |
| seribu, dua ribu, ... | one thousand, two thousand... |
| sejuta, dua juta, ... | one million, two million, ... |
| ... setengah | ... and a half |
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| Saya mau ...(insert noun or verb, for example: Saya mau kue. Saya mau minum.) | I want ... (noun | "to" verb) for example, I want cookies. I want to drink. |
| Saya minta (kopi) | I would like some |coffee| (noun | "to" verb) |
| Ada (rokok) ? | Do you have any cigarettes (noun)? |
| Di mana saya bisa beli (baju) ?(insert noun) | Where can I buy shirt (noun)? |
| Saya suka (buku ini).(insert noun or verb) | I like (this book) (noun or verb). |
| Saya mau beli (sepatu). (insert noun) | I want to buy shoes (noun) |
| Berapa [ini | itu]? | How much is [this | that]? |
| Berapa? | How [much | many]? |
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| Apa [ini | itu]? | What is [this | that]? |
| Apa (horse) dalam bahasa Indonesia?(substitute English word, which is handy only if the person to whom you are speaking knows more English than you know Indonesian.) | What is (horse) in Indonesian? |
| Inggeris | [English | England] |
Similar Words in Both Languages
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airport
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apple
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athlete
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baby
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baggage
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bank
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bar
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beer
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bell
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bottle
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bus
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camera
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cashier
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cassette
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cherry
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chocolate
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Coca-cola
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coffee
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coin
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computer
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consultant
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deoderant
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diskette
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doctor
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donut
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dry cleaning
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electricity
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film
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football
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glass
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guitar
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hamburger
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hello
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ice
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ice cream
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kilometer
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kiosk
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mall
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massage
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meter
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monument
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museum
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music
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number
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office
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OK
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oven
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paper clip
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pen
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pencil
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pension
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photo
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photocopy
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pizza
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police
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radio
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restaurant
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roast beef
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salad
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same
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school
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sex
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shopping
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staple
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steak
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stop
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stop
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strawberry
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supermarket
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taxi
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tea
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telephone
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tennis
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ticket
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to park
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toilet
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TV
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university
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video
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| Tidak apa-apa. | It doesn't matter. (Literally means "nothing". Handy when someone is apologizing profusely.) |
| Maaf. | I am sorry. (If you want to apologize profusely.) |
| Permisi. | Excuse me. (To get someone to move out of the way or to get someone's attention.) |
| Hati-hati! | Careful |
| Awas! | Watch out! |
| [Jam | pukul] berapa? | [What time is it? | At what time?] |
| [Jam | Pukul] dua | [At (two) o'clock. | It is (two) o'clock] (insert number) |
| Tolong, bawa (teh). | Please bring me the (tea) (insert noun). |
| Satu lagi. | One more. (works well for beers.) |
| Tambah lagi? | Do you want more? |
| Habis. | Finished. |
| Minta bon. | Bill, please. |
Guide to Pronunciation
it's not very difficult to pronounce bahasa Indonesia in a way that it's understood by even those who never come into contact with foreigners. Remember to keep it simple. Certain sounds we use in English and European languages do not occur in Indonesian at all. Unfortunately, those of us who have grappled with French, Spanish and German are often tempted to pronounce the word as it may sound in another language. For example, selamat datang("welcome") does not rhyme with the well-known orange-like juice that accompanied astronauts into space. It also is pronounced with only about four discernible syllables, not five.
With this simple guide, the novice speaker of Indonesian should be able to avoid most of the traps of basic communication.
RULES
- Most letters have only one pronunciation thereby avoiding the problems of English in which we are forced to memorize when an "a" is long (fall), short (fat), or some other manifestation (fate). That's one reason the bahasa Indonesia approximations to foreign words often appear strange at first sight--"bureau" becomes biro--but then you realize the Indonesian spelling is much more logical.
- The only letter that has two distinct pronounciations is "e". Usually it is pronounced as an "uh" sound, like "a" in "sofa". Sometimes it takes on an "ay" sound like "a" in "make". Common words using the "ay" sound are besok (tomorrow), merah (red) and restoran. Sometimes, the "e" is hardly pronounced (selamat becomes slamat).
- One of the main pitfalls in pronunciation is the use of the letter "c" in bahasa Indonesia. The letter "c" is always pronounced as "ch" in "check". Another hazard is that "ngg" is a very different sound from "ng". See the Pronunciation Guide below for more details.
- There is a slightly accented syllable that is either the last or next to last depending upon which book you believe. In my experience, Jakartans try to put the emphasis on the last syllable. For example, asking for em-ping' will likely get you a bowl of crispy chips. Asking, on the other hand, forem'-ping will get you a blank stare. When in doubt, try to pronounce the word monotonically--no emphasis is better than a wrong one.
- A "k" at the end of a word is pronounced as a glottal stop and if you don't know what that is, you're better off ignoring the terminating "k" altogether. The honorific Pak ("Mister" or "Father") sounds altogether unpleasant when pronounced like "pack", "pock", or the Bonanza standard "Pa". In actual fact, it's more like the sound you make when trying to blow a floating feather in someone else's direction.
- A double "a" as in maaf ("excuse me") is pronounced with a slight glottal stop between the vowels. You can get away with a slight pause (like ma af) but never simply maf.
- In bahasa Indonesia, some consonants ("b", "p", "t", "d", "v") have much softer sounds. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate between "b" and "d", "p" and "t", etc.
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
Vowels
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| a | apa | always a long a as in "father" (never "bad"or "bang") |
| e | bécak | like a in "make" |
| e | ke,empat | like a in "sofa" |
| i | pagi,itu | like ee in "see" but shorter (never like "hit" or "hike") |
| o | kopi | like aw in "law", but shorter |
| u | susu | like oo in "food", but shorter |
Diphthongs
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| ai | pandai | somewhere between "pay" and "pie" |
| au | tembakau | like ow in "now" |
| oi | amboi | like oy in "boy" |
| oe | Soeharto | old spelling, still used in names, pronounced as oo in "food" |
| ua | uang | like "wa" in "Walla-walla, Washington" |
Consonants (the easy part)
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| b | bawah | same as b in "bungle" but spoken more softly. At the end of a word may be more of a soft p. |
| c | bicara | similar to ch in "church" |
| d | duduk | like d in "bed". At the end of a word may sound more like a soft t |
| dj | djarum | old spelling still used in names, pronounced like j in "jump" |
| f | foto | like f in "fan" |
| g | garpu | like g in "dog" |
| h | hari | similar to h in "hope" |
| j | jalan | like j in "jump" |
| j | djaja | old spelling still used in names, like y in "yard"; look for other old spelling clues in the name (like oe, dj) |
| k | kabar | like k in "kite" when not at the end of a word. At the end of a word, pronounced like a soft g or glottal stop. |
| kh | akhir | like clearing your throat or German "ach" |
| l | lima | similar to l in "like" |
| m | minta | like m in "main" |
| n | nama | like n in "noon" |
| ny | nyamuk | like ny in "canyon" |
| ng | dengan | like ng in "singer" (not "finger", that requires ngg) |
| ngg | tunggu | like ng in "finger" (not "singer") |
| p | pukul | similar to p in "pool" but without the puff of air |
| q | is not used much in Indonesian words but does come up in Arabic words used in Indonesia (for example, Istiqlal). When it occurs, qu is pronounced as qu in "queen". | |
| r | kiri | like a softly trilled Scottish or German r. Never a hard American, Australian or Canadian r. |
| s | selamat | similar to s in "seven" |
| t | tujuh | like t in "let" but without the plosive quality (it's sometimes difficult to differentiate between spoken t, p and d) |
| tj | Tjoakroaminoto | old spelling still used in names, pronounced like ch in "church" |
| v | visa | rarely used, like v in "visa" but softer |
| w | awas | between w in "wane" and v in "vane" |
| x | not used. In foreign words, often replaced with ks as in taksi. | |
| y | yang | like y in you |
| z | zat | like z in "zone", often replaced with, and pronounced like s |
I. Consonants pronounced very much as in English:
Vowels*NOTE: There is no rule to know which way to pronounce e in a particular word without hearing it first; your teacher will give you the correct pronunciation as you go along.
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a like a in father datang, nama e like u in but OR* selamat, senang e between the e in let and the a inlate es, sore i like ee in feet pagi, siang o between the aw in saw and the oe in toe kopi, orang u like oo in boot buku, duduk** ai like ie in tie baik, sampai*** au like ow in how mau, saudara****
**the u in the second syllable of duduk sounds more like the oo in book)
***the ai in sampai is often pronounced ay as in day, especially in Java
****the au in saudara is often pronounced oe as in toe)
In other cases where two vowels are not separated by a consonant, just put the two vowel sounds together: siapa = si apa, etc. When a vowel is repeated, put a glottal stop (= the catch in your throat when you say "uh-oh!") between the vowels: maaf = ma-af.
b as in bed bahasa, mobil d as in dad duduk, saudara f as in feel foto, maaf g as in good guru, pagi NEVER as in giant l as in lap lagi, selamat m as in man malam, selamat n as in nap Natal, tahun ALSO SEE ng, ny, below s as in see siang, kelas NEVER as in boys w as in well wayang, kawan NEVER as in where y as in yell yang, Yogyakarta
II. Consonants pronounced somewhat differently than in English:
*k, p, and t DO NOT have the puff of air they have in such English words as kill, put, and tap.
j like the dy in Goodyear jumpa, saja k like the k in skate kopi, es krim* p like the p in spot pagi, apa* t like the t in stop tas, itu*
**NOTE: When k comes at the END of a word, the sound is cut off sharply (like the glottal stop mentioned above): baik, becak
**NOTE: ng alone does NOT have the "hard" g, as in finger, which is always written as ngg in Indonesian: tinggal, penggaris
ng like the ng in singer mengerti, senang
Both ng and ny can be found at the BEGINNINGS of words: ngopi, Nyonya
ny like the ny in canyon banyak, artinya
sy like the s y in pass your plate, close to the sh in show. syukur, asyik
III. Consonants presenting special problems:
c like the t y in get your feet off the table!, close to the c in cello or the ch in chat,NEVER like the c in cat cinta, becak h as in house, but it can also appear at the ENDS of words: hari, bahasa,sekolah r like the tt in butter or gotta. It is usually a tap of the tongue behind the teeth, though it sometimes is more of a trill (like the rr in Spanish arriba, especially at the ends of words rumah, saudara,kabar
The letters q, v, x, z are very rare in Indonesian, and are mostly found in words borrowed from English, Dutch or Arabic.
q similar to English k Qur'an v similar to English v or f veto, Vitri x like English x xerox z like English z or j zebra, zaman
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